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4.3 ★★★★★
Based on 937 reviews
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★★★★★ 5
An essential work in putting American history in perspective
Format: Hardcover
This is a great book. It is not a book for everyone, however. If you don't know the difference between the Pilgrims and the Puritans, and I don't mean just when they arrived, try something simpler. It is a fascinating read if you already have some knowledge. For example, had I not been familiar with Hudson River geography and history, I'm not sure I would have been able to follow Bailyn's account of New Netherland.
Naturally, as in any history, the most interesting stories are those you haven't heard before. For me, that was the information about New Sweden; I even read that section first. What makes Bailyn's book great, however, is his ability to make one see material one already knows a great deal about in new ways. Although he never addressed this question per se, he helped me answer a question that has been on my mind for at least fifteen years, and on which I've done considerable research - why did the Puritans, who arrived in 1630 as staunch Presbyterians, deriding their Separatist/Congregationalist Pilgrim neighbors, declare themselves Congregationalists in 1648 in the Cambridge Platform? (In part, the answer Bailyn helped me surmise is simply that when two or three Puritans gathered together, they had at least four different theological positions. It was hard enough to reconcile them in a single congregation; a presbytery would have been impossible.) The book also caused me to reassess my whole viewpoint on early Connecticut, and I certainly came to appreciate the importance of John Winthrop, Jr. beyond his role there. It is amazing too that Bailyn covers such a wide range of issues while devoting relatively few pages to each.
The review in The New York Times Book Review, at least as I recall it, was wrong. While that reviewer praised the Virginia, Maryland and New Sweden/New Netherland portions, the New England portion (about 40% of the book) was dismissed as being only of interest to genealogists. While it is true that the earlier sections were more reflective of the book's subtitle, "The Conflict of Civilizations," the New England section would be of interest to a rather small portion of the genealogical community. (For example, I learned nothing new about my only ancestor discussed in the book, William Vassall.) I doubt if that reviewer has ever seen an on-line genealogy, which frequently contain claims such as that so and so was born in 1585 in the United States. As I have already said, the New England section, like the rest of the book, does a marvelous job of putting information in perspective; something that anyone interested in history needs to do.
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Reviewed in the United States on July 10, 2013
★★★★★ 4
Interesting and important book
Format: Hardcover
This book looks at the motivations and demographics of the first wave of English immigrants to flee to what was to become the USA. Interestingly written, it explores the educations, positions of and the relationships of the earliest settlers to our east coast. I read it while researching our Family Tree and finding the people connected before coming, and for generations after. The endless Indian wars were a revelation, as was the tale of the oppressed becoming the oppressors as Quaker families fled Massachusetts for New Netherlands.
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Reviewed in the United States on March 9, 2013
★★★★★ 5
The Barbarous Years: The Peopling of British North America: The Conflict of... Bernard Bailyn
Format: Hardcover
A remarkable book!!!
I have never read such a comprehensive book on early United States history that contained so much information I had never read before.
How the status of "indentured servant" existed alongside the origins of slavery in Virginia and Maryland (along the Chesapeake Bay) was both remarkable and horrible.
That a white man (typically, landowner) could have a child with a (black) slave who would become a free person at adulthood (earliest laws) created problems (they needed the "help"), so this law of the 1650s-1660s was changed! And if a white (free) woman had a child with a (black) slave, the resulting child would remain a slave! Matrilineal or patrilineal human rights, that is the question.
Indentured servant, but with no expiration date.
I had never before read how people in this country were real "pioneers" in the creation of slavery - at least with slavery of humans captured from the continent of Africa! It seems that whatever voices of "Christian" decency there might have been at the time - church based values or ones simply based in the hearts of people living here - they were drowned out by commercial interests or those who simply couldn't be bothered by such concerns.
I hope you read this book and recommend it to your friends!
Sincerely,
Bob Cargill, Minneapolis
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Reviewed in the United States on April 19, 2013
★★★★★ 3
A decent primer -- no more.
Format: Hardcover
This is an odd book for one of America's premier historians. It isn't a bad book -- a person of Bailyn's erudition couldn't write a bad book -- but it doesn't hang together well. The author does not really have anything new to say and a historian of the Early Colonial Period will quickly recognize the usual sources. It is hard to see exactly what historiographical niche this book fills.
Even the title is misleading. Sure, Jamestown was barbarous enough by our standards and New Amsterdam was plenty harsh. But, the Bay Colony was, by the rough-and-ready standards of 17th century Europe, pretty civilized. (Compare it with the contemporaneous English Civil War or the Thirty Years War.) As for "Conflict of Civilizations," there was certainly enough of that but the most interesting part of the book, the last third or so on the Bay Colony, is largely an account of Puritan theological quarrels.
In fact, one senses that Bailyn felt like he was "home" when he wrote about the Bay Colony. He has, after all, written about New England since 1955 ("Merchants.") He gives the reader a clear account of the theological duels between Winthrop, Cotton, Hooker, Williams, Hutchinson and others. But, others have done this as well or better.
Bailyn all but ties himself in a knot to be politically correct toward the Native Americans. For every Indian atrocity he finds a matching atrocity in European civilization. Still, if captured in war one was likely to be a lot better off among the English, French or Dutch than the Pequods. A LOT better off!
This volume is part of a series that explores the settling of North America and hardly anyone is better equipped for this than the author. But, what begins as a good account of the horrors of Jamestown drifts into a twice-told tale of the niceties of Puritan disputation. It is almost as if Bailyn got bored half-way through and started channeling Perry Miller.
A good book in its way and quite useful for an upper division course or first-year graduate seminar. But, not well-written enough to snare the casual reader and not original enough to snare the professional historian. An odd number.
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Reviewed in the United States on February 19, 2013
★★★★★ 5
Sheds Light On A Dimly Perceived Period
Format: Kindle
This book is clearly intended for those of us (non-historians) curious about what is a dimly perceived period of North American colonial history. Living as I do in Tidewater Virginia, I consider myself fairly well versed with the earliest years of English settlement or invasion, depending on your point of view. But, I was wrong. I had, of course, read about the wretched first two years of the Jamestown enterprise, but I had no idea just how ghastly the conditions of the first twenty years of the English colonial period were. Wave after wave of newcomers simply starved or died of disease in those years. The mortality rate was shocking. So many people were dying off that the local Indians did not even think it necessary to kill these newcomers (which proved a mistake, of course). And this was not just at Jamestown. For example, the author says that in any given year in one county 30 to 40% of the children under the age of eight were orphans. And the origins of many of these earliest colonists -- orphans dumped by local churches, beggars snatched off of urban streets, prisoners marched from gaol to waiting ships, many poor people literally kidnapped or tricked into emigrating -- was eye-opening. Talk about the refuse of British society. (As an aside, anyone whose humble immigrant ancestors came to Virginia in those years can forget about doing any genealogical research. You will never find the answers to your questions.)
This does tend to be a bleak read. One of the things that jumped out at me was the sad, repetitive tale of European-Indian relations. It mattered not where one was. Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New Amsterdam, New York, the pattern is always the same. Trade and early friendly relations were quickly undermined by misunderstandings, stupidity, devious tricks, alcohol, and land disputes that led to attack and counter attack and massacres on both sides.
One of the things I did enjoy was the Indians' views of Christianity. Those mentioned by the author viewed it as little more than a strange dream. When the concept of a universal god was explained to them they laughed and called it a silly fable. I can only agree. My respect for their powers of reasoning and perspicacity rose immeasurably. Just who was the savage?
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Reviewed in the United States on July 30, 2013